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Netrin-4The Netrins (whose name means “one who guides” in Sanskrit) constitutes a family of laminin-related secreted protein. In mice, human and rat, Netrin-1, Netrin-3/NTL2, Netrin-4/beta and G-Netrins have been cloned [1]. The Netrins are involved in axonal guidance, are required for regeneration and maintenance of the central nervous system and have been implicated in the development of mammary gland, lung, pancreas, and blood vessel [1, 2]. Netrin-4 (also called beta-Netrin) is a novel Netrin more closely related to laminin beta chain that is broadly expressed in both neural and non-neural tissues [3]. It acts during the development and controls the migration of neurons [4]. The role of Netrin-4 in guiding neurones seems to be mediated by known Netrin-1 receptors : DCC and UNC5H1 [5]. Netrin-4 gene (NTN4) is transcribed in a variety of cells including epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells [4]. Recent studies suggest a role of Netrin-1 and 4 in the branching morphogenesis in the lung [2]. Netrin-4 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating proliferation and migration of microvascular endothelial cells to the same extent that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [6]. Kidney also express Netrin-4 whose level is down regulated upon ischemia-reperfusion injury [7]. Netrin-4 has been reported to be a novel prognostic marker in breast cancer [8]. Netrin-4 (human) Detection Set (APO-54N-033)Summary of features
 Principle of the KitThis assay is a sandwich Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) developed for the direct measurement of human Netrin-4 (hNetrin-4) in biological fluids. A monoclonal antibody specific for hNetrin-4 (COAT) is coated onto the wells of the microtiter plate. Samples and standards of hNetrin-4 are pipetted into the wells for binding to the coated antibody. After extensive washing to remove unbound compounds, hNetrin-4 is recognized by the addition of a biotinylated monoclonal antibody specific for hNetrin-4 (DET). After removal of excess biotinylated antibody, streptavidine-peroxidase is added. Following a final washing, peroxidase activity is quantified using the substrate 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The intensity of the color reaction is measured at 450 nm after acidification and is directly proportional to the concentration of hNetrin-4 in the samples.
Literature Overview:1. Zhu, Y., Xu, G., Patel, A., McLaughlin, M.M., Silverman, C., Knecht, K., Sweitzer, S., Li, X., McDonnell, P., Mirabile, R., et al. (2002). Cloning, expression, and initial characterization of a novel cytokine-like gene family. Genomics 80, 144-150. 2. Pilipenko, V.V., Reece, A., Choo, D.I., and Greinwald, J.H., Jr. (2004). Genomic organization and expression analysis of the murine Fam3c gene. Gene 335, 159-168. 3. Waerner, T., Alacakaptan, M., Tamir, I., Oberauer, R., Gal, A., Brabletz, T., Schreiber, M., Jechlinger, M., and Beug, H. (2006). ILEI: a cytokine essential for EMT, tumor formation, and late events in metastasis in epithelial cells. Cancer cell 10, 227-239. 4. Gronborg, M., Kristiansen, T.Z., Iwahori, A., Chang, R., Reddy, R., Sato, N., Molina, H., Jensen, O.N., Hruban, R.H., Goggins, M.G., et al. (2006). Biomarker discovery from pancreatic cancer secretome using a differential proteomic approach. Mol Cell Proteomics 5, 157-171. 5. Mauri, P., Scarpa, A., Nascimbeni, A.C., Benazzi, L., Parmagnani, E., Mafficini, A., Della Peruta, M., Bassi, C., Miyazaki, K., and Sorio, C. (2005). Identification of proteins released by pancreatic cancer cells by multidimensional protein identification technology: a strategy for identification of novel cancer markers. Faseb J 19, 1125-1127. Related products
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